Background: Thyroid carcinoma is the most common endocrine cancer. There are several methods for determining the mutation of genes, one of them is RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA polymerase chain reaction (RAPD-PCR). This study aimed to compare DNA changes in the genome of thyroid hyperplasia, thyroid papillary carcinoma, and healthy tissues using RAPD-PCR. Methods: In this case-control study, 49 patients with papillary carcinoma and thyroid hyperplasia which had normal, hyperplasia, and papillary carcinoma tissues of the thyroid gland were RANDOMly selected. Then, the primer pattern of the sequence 5'-AAGAGCCCGT-3' containing 10 pairs base was evaluated and compared between the tissues. Findings: The prevalence of 370-bp pair base band observed in normal, hyperplasia, and pylori thyroid carcinoma tissues was 6. 1, 53. 1, and 89. 8 percent, respectively, and there was a significant difference between the three tissue types (P < 0. 001). There was also a significant difference between normal tissue with hyperplasia and papillary carcinoma of the thyroid and between hyperplasia with thyroid carcinoma in this regard (P < 0. 050). Conclusion: It seems that using RAPD-PCR is a suitable method for the detection and differentiation of normal, hyperplasia, and papillary thyroid carcinoma cells. Bat notice to the limitation of the study, more investigation in this field is recommended.

Clonal identification of some poplar species is carried out using morphological and phonological characters. This approach does not render a proper differentiation. The goal of this work was to produce molecular patterns which may be useful for clonal identification using the RANDOM P. AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAP D) TECHNIQUE Twelve poplar clones namely 3 of Populus alba, 3 of P. nigra, 3 of P. euphratica, and 3 of P. deltoides were screened in order to evaluate the genetic diversity of the cited species and clones. Reaction conditions including MgC12 genomic DNA, dNTPs, Primers, Taq DNA polymerase, denaturation, annealing and extension temperature and durations were optimized to get resolved and reproducible band patterns Amplification products were analyzed by electrophoresis in agarose gel and detected by staining with ethidium bromide From the 10 RANDOM DNA primers tested, only primers including OPN06, OPC04, OPA 16 and DECA 7 were information to differentiate poplar species. Two of the primers; OPC04 and OPN06 produced POLYMORPHIC bands for all clones. The results indicate that the RAPD TECHNIQUE is an adequate tool to obtain DNA fingerprints for clonal identification.

Ten field isolates of Mycoplasma gallisepticum (MG) from different geographical areas of Iran were analyzed by RANDOM amplification of POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD). RAPD analysis produced reproducible banding patterns on the basis of which various distinct amplification patterns could be detected. MG isolates compared with reference strains (S6 and Mg SS) and vaccine strain (ts-11) and demonstrated distinct RAPD profiles. The results indicated genotypic diversity and heterogeneity among MG isolated from field, which can be used for epidemiological studies and for differentiation between vaccine strain, and field isolates.

Results of many studies have shown that in animal and plant populations, naturally exposed to radiation there are genetic instability. In this study, our goal was evaluation of RAPD polymorphism in offspring (F1 generation) from parents exposed to acute (3Gy) and chronic (total dose was 37cGy) irradiation. RAPD method widely used for classification of breeds, lines, sorts and cultures and also drawing up phylogenetic maps. In the view of radiogenetic monitoring the positive property of RAPD method is possibility of rapid scanning of genome descendants irradiated parents and no prior genomic sequence information. Male CBA/lac and BALB/c mice and female hybrid (CBA/lac×c57/black) mice are used in study. The results of this experiment indicated that using this primers give the most variability of RAPD markers in offspring from male parents exposed to gamma-radiation (3Gy) 3 months before mating. We also observed increased level of DNA polymorphism in descendants of parents exposed to chronic gamma-radiation. Our results demonstrated that level of polymorphism in irradiated mice is 27-50% more than non-irradiated mice. Using this primer series (759, 760, M1 (761 and 763), 765 and M2 (766, 768, 769 and 775) made possible to receive significant increase in mean frequency of new bands in offspring's treatment group that allow us to use this system in future investigations for studying induction of genomic instability.

Cashmere is only produced from Maraz (Kurdi) goat breed in Iraqi Kurdistan Region. The objective of this study was to assess the genetic diversity of different Maraz color types, black goat and Shami breeds using RANDOM AMPLIFIED POLYMORPHIC DNA (RAPD) markers. Fourteen primers were used and nine out of them were selected based on their number of bands (NB) and POLYMORPHIC characteristics. These primers generated a total of 154 bands ranged from 100 to 2800 bp. Out of the total bands detected only 50 bands were found to be POLYMORPHIC. Thirteen unique bands were found in Maraz goat, whereas the highest unique band was obtained in primer 7-MO2 locus. The overall Nei’s gene diversity (gene diversity/heterozygosity) averaged 0.40, while the Shannon diversity index value was 0.58 ranged from 0.45 to 0.69. Phylogenetic dendrograms showed that three clusters, the 1st cluster branch consisted of the black goat breed, the 2nd cluster includes Shami goat with both black and light brown Maraz goat. The 3rd cluster includes both white and dark brown Maraz goats. Maraz color types grouped in one cluster that contains white and dark brown types and the black with light brown types were included in another cluster. It was concluded that the Maraz goat breed was closer to Shami goat than to the black goat breed.

Introduction: Recently, the incidence of fungal infections dramatically increased with an appearance of many novel species due to different criteria. Therefore, several molecular methods have been established for identification of these agents which cause human and animal disorder based on genomic DNA. Among these methods, RAPD-PCR TECHNIQUE is a powerful discriminative method based on amplifies target genomic DNA sequence by short RANDOM primers (arbitrary short primers) with low annealing temperature (36oC) for discrimination and identification in the species level.Materials and Methods: All clinical strains were originated oropharyngeal lesions of cancer patients from four Mazandaran University Hospitals in Iran. These strains were previously identified by phenotypic methods such as colony on CHROM-agar Candida medium, germ-tube formation in horse serum and chlamydospore formation. In this study RAPD-PCR TECHNIQUE was used to amplify hyper variable inter-repeat DNA sequences using oligonucleotide primers specific microsatellite (GACA) 4 for identifying, clustering and take into account the genetic correlation of 30 clinical isolates.Results: The results in this study showed that the RAPD-PCR by using of arbitrary short primer   was able to amplify hyper variable inter repeated DNA sequences with classifying the isolates. RAPD patterns showed genetically inter speciation relationship in the best possible way and PCR-fingerprinting with primer (GACA) 4, was able to discriminate both C. albicans with other Candida species based on size and number of bands.Conclusion: We concluded that, regarding to the previous studies which have been reported misidentification by conventional mycological method for identifying Candida species, RAPD-DNA method is able to discriminate Candida species by using of a single primer. However, determination of differences and accurate assessment of genetic distances in the RAPD TECHNIQUE was generally limited.